「オナニズム三部作』の1作目である。
先に『オナニスト宣言』を読んでしまったのですが、この本もとても面白かった。
自慰がたどった歴史を系譜学的に追いかけて、生理学、心理学、哲学等でどのように表現されたかを追いながら、その言説が生まれた時代背景を読み解いています。フロイト、キンゼイ、マスターズ／ジョンソンと自慰が日陰から日向へ、宗教的・生理的悪から善へ変わってきた。しかし、それは彼らが社会的認識を変えたのではなく、社会的変化を成文化したに過ぎない。
そして、それは資本主義的生産様式（商品社会）の中でのみ成り立つ論理であることをジャック・アタリが指摘する。アタリは、『三つの世界(Les Trois Mondes)』で、これまでの文明史を貫く「カニバリズム秩序」の究極的形態であると同時に資本主義的生産様式の最高段階、商品秩序（商品社会）の完成態となるであろうものを「自慰型商品秩序(l'avatar onaniste de l'Ordre marchand)」と名付ける。
この社会では、自然や他人に関係するときに、モノを通じてしか関係できない。商品は情報として自分と関係する。それが商品秩序であり、その前提には言語による暴力の排除がある。その秩序にノイズとして残るもの、それが自己自身との関係である。その自己自身との関係もモノを媒介しなければならなくなったとき、商品秩序は完成し、自慰型商品秩序となる。モノはその本来の形式を脱ぎ捨て情報として存在するようになる。その時、自己も規格化された大量生産の商品と同様になる。
奴隷制社会では、奴隷を排除する傾向が常に存在する。資本主義的生産様式が支配的な社会では労働者を排除する傾向が常に存在する。奴隷も労働者も、科学技術の発展とともに機械に取って代わろうとするが、奴隷がいなくなることはないし、労働者がいなくなることもない。特に、労働者は「消費者」でもある。労働者がいなくなれば商品は売れない。労働者を自然から切り離し、他人から切り離し、自分自身からも切り離して、そこにモノ（情報あるいは記号）を仲介させる。その事によって労働者の存在は透明な人工身体となり、商品社会を再生産するだけの存在となる。
秩序（The order / l'Odre）というのは、静的概念ではない。「命令」という意味があるように動的概念である。秩序は常に再生産されなければならない。だから、ノイズは消えることがないのであり、秩序は常に変化している。その変化を常に体制側は取り込み、無力化するように自分自身を変化させる。
水面に激突すれば、水はコンクリートのように硬い。そっと手を入れれば柔らかい。そして波紋は広がっていく。多くに人が手を入れればそれは波となり、水面は様相を変化させる。強大な力には、数で対抗するしかない。何しろ、こちらは99％なのだから。
⟨impressions⟩
This is the first work of "Onanism Trilogy".
I read the Onanist Declaration earlier, but this book was also very interesting.
This book follows the history of masturbation in a genealogical way, reading how it was expressed in physiology, psychology, philosophy, etc. Studies by Freud, Kinsey, and Masters / Johnson have changed masturbation from shade to sun and from religious and physiological evil to good. But it did not change their social perceptions, they just codified social changes.
And Jack Atari points out that this is a logic that can only be realized in a capitalist form of production (commodity society). Atari is the ultimate form of the “Cannibalism Order” that has passed through the history of civilization in the “Three Worlds (Les Trois Mondes)” and at the same time the highest level of capitalist production, the commodity order (comodity society). The name that will be completed will be named “l'avatar onaniste de l'Ordre marchand”.
In this society, when you are related to nature and other persons, you can relate only through things. Commodity relate to you as information. That is commodity order, and the premise is the elimination of the violence by language. What remains as noise in that order is our relationship with ourselves. When the relationship with the self also has to mediate things, the commodity order is completed and becomes a masturbating commodity order. Things take off their original form and exist as information. At that time, it will be the same as a standardized mass-produced commodity.
In a slave society, there is always a tendency to exclude slaves. There is always a tendency to exclude workers in societies where capitalist production is dominant. Both slaves and workers try to replace machines with the development of science and technology, but there will be slaves and workers. In particular, workers are also “consumers”. If there are no workers, the product cannot be sold. The worker is separated from nature, separated from others, separated from himself, and mediates things (information or symbols) there. As a result, the existence of workers becomes a transparent artificial body, and only exists to reproduce the commodity society.
The order / l'Odre is not a static concept. It is a dynamic concept that has the meaning of “command”. Order must always be reproduced. So noise never disappears and order is constantly changing. The system always captures these changes and changes itself to neutralize them.
If you hits the surface of the water, the water is hard like concrete. If you put your hand gently, it will be soft. And the ripples spread. If many people put their hands, it becomes a wave, and the water surface changes its appearance. There is no choice but to counter the powerful power with numbers. After all, We are 99%.
This is the first work of "Onanism Trilogy".
I read the Onanist Declaration earlier, but this book was also very interesting.
This book follows the history of masturbation in a genealogical way, reading how it was expressed in physiology, psychology, philosophy, etc. Studies by Freud, Kinsey, and Masters / Johnson have changed masturbation from shade to sun and from religious and physiological evil to good. But it did not change their social perceptions, they just codified social changes.
And Jack Atari points out that this is a logic that can only be realized in a capitalist form of production (commodity society). Atari is the ultimate form of the “Cannibalism Order” that has passed through the history of civilization in the “Three Worlds (Les Trois Mondes)” and at the same time the highest level of capitalist production, the commodity order (comodity society). The name that will be completed will be named “l'avatar onaniste de l'Ordre marchand”.
In this society, when you are related to nature and other persons, you can relate only through things. Commodity relate to you as information. That is commodity order, and the premise is the elimination of the violence by language. What remains as noise in that order is our relationship with ourselves. When the relationship with the self also has to mediate things, the commodity order is completed and becomes a masturbating commodity order. Things take off their original form and exist as information. At that time, it will be the same as a standardized mass-produced commodity.
In a slave society, there is always a tendency to exclude slaves. There is always a tendency to exclude workers in societies where capitalist production is dominant. Both slaves and workers try to replace machines with the development of science and technology, but there will be slaves and workers. In particular, workers are also “consumers”. If there are no workers, the product cannot be sold. The worker is separated from nature, separated from others, separated from himself, and mediates things (information or symbols) there. As a result, the existence of workers becomes a transparent artificial body, and only exists to reproduce the commodity society.
The order / l'Odre is not a static concept. It is a dynamic concept that has the meaning of “command”. Order must always be reproduced. So noise never disappears and order is constantly changing. The system always captures these changes and changes itself to neutralize them.
If you hits the surface of the water, the water is hard like concrete. If you put your hand gently, it will be soft. And the ripples spread. If many people put their hands, it becomes a wave, and the water surface changes its appearance. There is no choice but to counter the powerful power with numbers. After all, We are 99%.
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