Language acquisition in children (infants)
I don't know anything about the author. This is a research paper about the process by which babies acquire language. Mr. Imai's "] which I bought but haven't read yet. The new cover of ``The Essence of Language: How Language Was Born and Evolved (Chukoshinsho 2756)'' says, ``Why is AI no match for babies? An epic adventure that delves deeply into human intelligence.'' .
It is true that language is essential to humans, and I believe that this ability cannot be reproduced by computers. The reason is that humans created and programmed computers. Computers are "reproductions of human logic," not "reproductions of humans."
Singularity (Technological Singularity)
The ``singularity'' is predicted to occur in 2045, when the performance of artificial intelligence will exceed human intelligence in 2045. It has been. Well, I wasn't alive then, so I can say my own opinion. The ability to run exceeded that of humans when bicycles and horse-drawn carriages appeared, but what about intelligence? I believe that when calculators were invented, their calculation ability (speed) exceeded that of humans.
The definition of humans has changed from "an animal that uses tools" to "an animal that makes tools." It is becoming increasingly clear that animals other than humans also use tools. There are tools to make tools. It can also be considered a program that creates programs. If you ask ChatAI to ``create a program that does ~ in ~ language,'' it will likely create it for you (I have had it do debugging once). If a computer were to do the programming for us, the pain of programming and the fun of programming would disappear.
The joy of eating vegetables should also be the joy (and hardship) of growing them. Ultimately, life should be not only about suffering but also about pleasure. I wonder why I don't understand that. It is only when you can no longer walk that you begin to understand the joy of walking. However, I end up driving to the convenience store instead of walking. I shop online without going to the store. Instead of looking up a dictionary, I google it.
We prioritize "convenience" and "efficiency." I wonder if the joy of life can be found only after death.
Dividing a certain matter into ``pain'' and ``pleasure'', choosing only ``pleasure'' and abandoning ``pain'' or leaving it to someone else. I still don't understand why I live like this. Lately, I've been thinking that maybe some people think like that.
ability ability
Intelligence intelligence is "intellectual ability". intelligence is
From Middle English intelligence, from Old French intelligence, from Latin intelligentia, which is from inter- (“between”) + legere (“choose, pick out, read”), or Proto -Italic *legō (“to care”). Doublet of intelligentsia. (Weblio)
So, it is similar to "distinguishing something", or "funbetsu" in Japanese.
``Garbage separation'' means separating garbage into different types. Originally a Buddhist term, it refers to understanding (or misunderstanding) through knowledge. It also means "being reasonable." "Understanding" means "dividing". “Knowledge” is the ability to separate light and darkness from chaotic things, or to “separate” the sky from the mountains, rivers, grass, fish, horses, etc. from the visible scenery. Whether or not we view this as "ability" probably has historical and cultural backgrounds.
It is clear that ability comes from able. ``Able'' means ``able to do'' or ``suitable,'' so it means ``to be able to do something'' or ``to be able to do something.'' I think the translation of "ability" makes sense.
``Noh'' is also ``active'' Noh. The antonym is "passive". Therefore, Indo-European speakers associate these words with the actions of the subject. It is easy to think of abilities and intelligence as ``something that the subject acquires through effort.'' Another word that includes the word ``noh'' is ``instinct.'' This, on the other hand, is "something you already have (irrespective of your efforts)."
In my opinion, both include similar things, but in the Japanese world, ability and intelligence are defined as "innate (congenital)". )", and in Indo-European languages, there is a strong tendency to think "it depends on the person's effort". This is because I think that in the Japanese world, there is a stronger sense of being placed in such a situation than a sense of the subject actively gaining something through effort. The fact that Japanese companies are changing from ``permanent employment'' and ``seniority'' to ``meritocracy'' is a sign that Westernization is progressing.
Ontogeny and phylogeny
Can we understand the mechanism of human language acquisition by examining language acquisition in children?
Haeckel's repetition theory is also called the biogenesis principle. It is often said simply that ``Ontogeny repeats phylogeny''. In other words, occurrence of a certain animal E7%99%BA%E7%94%9F_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)) is the process of [evolution](https://ja.wikipedia This theory claims that the process is repeated. Here, ontogeny refers to the developmental process of an individual animal, and phylogeny refers to the evolutionary process of that animal. Both words were proposed by Haeckel.
Specifically, it is based on the following sentence that he wrote in his book "General Morphology" in 1866.
“Ontogenesis, the development of an individual as a series of morphological changes that each individual undergoes throughout its life, is linked to phylogenesis, the development of the lineage to which it belongs. It is directly defined byOntogeny is a shortened and rapid repetition of a phylogeny, which is conditioned by the physiological functions of heredity and adaptation.The individual organism , during the rapid and abbreviated course of ontogeny, the ancestor repeats the important morphological changes that went through according to the laws of inheritance and adaptation during the slow and long course of paleontological development ([Wikipedia "repetition theory"]) https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BE%A9%E8%AA%AC#cite_note-1))
The famous “ This is the repetition theory. Let me give you another example of a similar idea.
In other words, some concepts arose very early in an individual's developmental stage (ontogeny) and are also shared by our species and related species (phylogeny) since ancient times. It seems that way. (Caleb Everett, “The Invention of Numbers'' Misuzu Shobo, P.107)
Haeckel's theory of repetition supported Darwin's theory of evolution, but it is similar to the idea of ``reincarnation.'' It seems like it is, but it is completely different.
Furthermore, what Shem has in common is a "linear view of history." This means that history moves forward. ("Sophie's World" by Jostein Goldel) %E7%99%BA%E7%94%9F)'' Japan Broadcasting Publishing Co., p. 199)
For the Christian world creation, the idea that the universe is expanding more and more fits best. It's coming (ibid., p. 649)
There is no "reincarnation" in Christianity. What we have in its place is ``eschatology.'' History progresses and will end someday. In cosmology, entropy is maximized, thermodynamic equilibrium is reached, and the entire universe becomes silent.
The universe continues to evolve. The highest state (form) of this is human beings, and it is Christianity and Western culture that discovered it. It is easy to imagine that this can easily lead to ``human supremacy'' and ``social Darwinism.''
Let's have my favorite Professor Imanishi appear here.
Another thing is that evolution is called phylogeny, but it is called ontogeny. I don't know whether it's better to be born or to become, but in short, we all start out as babies, become children, even if we don't include the time we are in our mothers' wombs. Becoming a young man, becoming an adult, growing old and dying - these are things that we must go through no matter what, and we cannot turn them upside down. Isn't this something that is supposed to change? (F.A. Hayek, Kinji Imanishi, “Nature, Humanity, Civilization''NHK Books, P.166-167)
It looks the same, but what is here is not the theory of evolution. It's a reincarnation worldview. The individual dies. Species also change or become extinct. But individuals replace other individuals, and species replace other species. There is no end. Just as we can't explain how children become adults, we can't explain why things evolve.
It is "extremely" logical to explain evolution in terms of "mutation" and "survival of the fittest." But when we say ``the fittest survive,'' we are actually saying ``It is the fittest who survive.'' Isn't this obvious if you look at the state of the world economy (capitalist economy), which is dominated by countries called "developed countries"?
One important thing is that the concept of a child has been "discovered (or invented)" in recent years. Family life](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4622018322/?tag=charmedias-22) Similarly, ontogeny and phylogeny are recent inventions. Modern science attempts to provide logical explanations (causal relationships) to this. ``You can tell the child by looking at the parent.'' I see. So, what do you mean by "you can tell the parents by looking at the child"? Do you think it's the same thing?
If we understand children's language acquisition, we can understand human language or "human beings" (although the author of this paper did not say this), it means "human beings". If you understand the logic, you can understand humans.'' In other words, he believes in the arrival of the Singularity.